2009年11月24日星期二
SURVIVAL OF THE KINDEST
From Salon:
In a fitting metaphor, the most recent experiment with social darwinism resulted in mass extinction. Former Enron CEO Jeffrey Skilling claimed he was inspired by Richard Dawkins’ book The Selfish Gene when he implemented a system known as “rank and yank” that sought to apply nature’s lessons to the energy industry. Skilling had all employees in the company ranked every six months. Then he offered lavish bonuses to the top 5 percent while the bottom 15 percent were relocated or fired. This system of ruthless competition advanced just the type of personalities that one would expect: crazy people. As one Enron employee put it, “If I’m going to my boss’s office to talk about compensation, and if I step on some guy’s throat and that doubles it, then I’ll stomp on that guy’s throat.” However, what was perhaps most disturbing is that according to Time magazine, 20 percent of US companies were following the same business model at the time of Enron’s collapse. Enron’s self-destruction was only the first in a nationwide trend. But what, if anything, does this say about nature?
In his latest book, The Age of Empathy: Nature’s Lessons for a Kinder Society, primatologistFrans de Waal argues that social darwinists like Skilling have learned the wrong lessons about the natural world. The nasty, brutish existence dominated by “savage competition, ruthless exploitation, and deceit” that Dawkins describes is far from the norm for animals that live in social groups. They thrive because of the cooperation, conciliation, and, above all, the empathy that they display towards fellow members. The support and protection they receive from living in a group more than compensates for any selfish advantage they might have achieved on their own. In other words, the “selfish gene” has discovered that the most successful approach is to behave unselfishly. De Waal thus argues that the age of empathy is far older than our own species and that we must keep this in mind as we try to apply these lessons ourselves.
More here.
INNOVATIVE THOUGHTS: EDUCATING OUR WAY INTO THE FUTURE by Sarah Firisen
I have spent a lot of time recently thinking about corporate innovation; how to define it, how to inspire ideation and how companies can move forward in their implementation of ideas. And the more I read and think about innovation, the more I realize that something far greater is at stake here than just the ability of US companies to create new product lines and services during a recession. I want to make the case that there is a fundamental, philosophical problem with the US education system, and that if the current educational trends for most of the children in the US aren’t addressed, then the ability for this country to generate innovative scientists, politicians and business leaders out of future generations will be drastically undermined. The extent to which this is a valid concern was highlighted in the recentNewsweek-Intel Global Innovation Surveyand its companion article.
Some of my basic premises are drawn from Daniel Pink’s A Whole New Mind and Thomas Friedman’s The World is Flat, both of which I thoroughly recommend. My premises are as follows:
A combination of technological advances and globalization have increased outsourcing and automation of tasks to the point where soon, any rule-based, linear thinking business activity that can be outsourced to a computer process or to another country will be. Countries, like China and India, have highly educated populations who are increasingly able and willing to perform the white-collar jobs of Americans and Europeans at a fraction of the cost, and these are only the most recently successful recipients of outsourcing, other countries are quickly catching up. Technological advances have meant that the outsourcing of this work can often be seamless and transparent to the end-user. In addition, time-differences enable companies to have a 24-hour workforce without paying anyone overtime to work a night shift.
The real opportunity the US has to continue to be a dominant economic force in the new economy lies with its proven track record for inventiveness and innovation. This NPR story is very illustrative of my point; while almost all of the components of Apple’s iPhone are made and assembled in Asia, the lion’s share of the profit from each sale remains in the US, “[Apple] gets as much as half the profit for every gadget it sells. That's because Apple creates and designs things -- that's where the real money is. And the best jobs.”
Continue reading "Innovative thoughts: Educating our way into the future"
2009年11月21日星期六
放棄圣战
一篇非常精采的深度报导,几个英籍依斯兰圣战斗士的心路历程。
RENOUNCING ISLAMISM: TO THE BRINK AND BACK AGAIN
From The Independent:
The Muslims who arrive here every day from Bangladesh, or India, or Somalia say they find the presence of British Islamists bizarre. They have come here to work and raise their children in stability and escape people like them. No: these Islamists are British-born. They make up 7 per cent of the British Muslim population, according to a Populous poll (with the other 93 percent of Muslims disagreeing). Ever since the 7/7 suicide bombings, carried out by young Englishmen against London, the British have been squinting at this minority of the minority and trying to figure out how we incubated a very English jihadism.
But every attempt I have made up to now to get into their heads – including talking to Islamists for weeks at their most notorious London hub, Finsbury Park mosque, immediately after 9/11 – left me feeling like a journalistic failure. These young men speak to outsiders in a dense and impenetrable code of Koranic quotes and surly jibes at both the foreign policy crimes of our Government and the freedom of women and gays. Any attempt to dig into their psychology – to ask honestly how this swirl of thoughts led them to believe suicide bombing their own city is right – is always met with a resistant sneer, and yet more opaque recitations from the Koran. Their message is simple: we don't do psychology or sociology. We do Allah, and Allah alone. Why do you have this particular reading of the Koran, when most Muslims don't? Because we are right, and they are infidel. Full stop. It was an investigatory dead end.
But then, a year ago, I began to hear about a fragile new movement that could just hold the answers we journalists have failed to find up to now. A wave of young British Islamists who trained to fight – who cheered as their friends bombed this country – have recanted. Now they are using everything they learned on the inside, to stop the jihad.
Seventeen former radical Islamists have "come out" in the past 12 months and have begun to fight back. Would they be able to tell me the reasons that pulled them into jihadism, and out again? Could they be the key to understanding – and defusing – Western jihadism? I have spent three months exploring their world and befriending their leading figures. Their story sprawls from forgotten English seaside towns to the jails of Egypt's dictatorship and the icy mountains of Afghanistan – and back again.
More here. [Thanks to Feisal H. Naqvi.]
2009年11月20日星期五
男性饮酒有益于心脏
matrix 发表于 2009年11月20日 13时08分 星期五
2009年11月15日星期日
从文化断层谈到道德教育
2009年11月10日星期二
树犹如此 - 梁文福
有位德国朋友,每逢来岛国,总要用一两天时间,在植物园看看热带树木。坐在我的车上时,他总是对蓊蓊郁郁的路树赞叹不已。电邮中问他何时再来,他说非常渴望:“单是那些树,就够我想念了。”
德国朋友不会懂得《世说新语》里“树犹如此”的语典。我挪用此话,玩味其意:“单是树,就够想念了――更何况是人?” 洋人会如此含蓄吗?或许我想太多了。又想起孟浩然《过故人庄》的句子:“绿树村边合”。树犹如此,难怪此诗主客相契,结尾客人还不客气地预约:“待到重阳日,还来就菊花。”
访客来到“花园城市”,无不欣赏怡人苍翠。不久前,有位台湾朋友坐在我车上,由衷感叹:“单看这些路树,就能看到城市规划的成就。”岛国移植树木使其速长的技术,远近驰名。曾有朋友问,举目所见之树,都是移植的吗?我说有些是,有些不是,看树根就知道了。
看树原该带着敬意仰视,观赏巨木老树,尤其如此;然而偶尔我们也会从意想不到的角度来看树。多年前某次受邀与高级公务员在高楼顶层共餐,吃饭时透过玻璃窗俯瞰市景,忽觉眼底那些密密麻麻整齐种植的树木,一棵棵,一排排,真的很像花园模型中随时可以插下去拔出来的小小标签――移植,是不是这么一回事呢?
在岛上曾经历国民服役的男儿,野战训练时,沙尘汗水中,都曾与那些土生土长的树木亲密无比。某年军训演习后,极度疲惫,抱着枪杆,靠着无名树木歇息;傍晚凉风中,隔水望着“边疆”,忽然对眼前的树林――那可不是移植的――充满感情;莫说侵犯,若有人要轻慢它们,我是会生气的。
移植新绿,当然也构成花园城市美好图景。主客之分,不必泥执,像孟浩然那首诗般也挺好。不过,总不能反客为主,说岛国之树只有先移植后移植的分别。移植的树若认为树影婆娑和土地滋养只是相互交换,各取所需,生命就不会扎根。每逢车行路上,风雨大了,看到移植路树倒下的画面,我就会想:树犹如此,树犹如此。
SHORT TAKES by Gerald Dworkin
2009年11月5日星期四
我分敌我,故我在 - 冀居•谢
- 人们关心的不应仅仅是论者选择了批评还是赞美的立场,而是这种批评或赞美是否是在“自由”的状态下发自内心的表达。
2,官委议员维斯瓦前阵子在国会发言,他虽说政府近期发出很多混乱的信息,然而他并不敢揣测发出混乱信息的原因,就当它是不经意、不同政策重叠的结果。可是从最近张元元引发的网上评论,以致后来传统媒体的灭火、偏袒,最后吴资政的“新加坡是一个移民社会”一锤定音,可以看出这些都是统治阶层为了自身利益,而不惜发出“动摇国本”的信息。马来和印籍同胞即使土生土长也仍然不信任(他们的原罪竟然是宗教信仰),而大陆新移民在永久居民身份时回去报效祖国却是OK的!
简单的说说中庸之道
- 在决策时,正反两方的意见都要掌握考虑。不能只执一端。要在两者之间找到最佳的平衡点,那就是“中”。(允执其中)
- 中的位置,座落在过头和不及之间。但並非几何中点,而是微分学对应函数最佳极值的.位置。(不过无不及)
- 在决策的过程中,不要流于一言堂,要让百家争鸣,在黑与白之间,找到光谱的所有色彩,这样才能提高“得中”的可能性。”和而不同”要求常怀兼容精神,像拉丁文“宽容”一词“Tolerare”原义那样:容许别人有行动和判断的自由,对不同於自己或传统观点的见解的耐心、公正的容忍;或就是现代民主社会人们常说的一句口头禅:“我不赞成你的话,但是我要誓死捍卫你说话的权力。(和而不同)
- 情况在不停的变化。昨天对的事,今天可能变得不对了。所以在决策时要与时俱进,随机应变。(通权达变)